Why the fuss over chicken?
The international trade secretary Liam Fox has been in the US for the preliminary stages of thrashing out a trade deal to take effect after the UK leaves the EU. He was asked about the trade in food and agricultural products, which is likely to form a key plank of any deal. Fox on Monday refused to rule out allowing imports of chlorinated chicken, which is banned under EU regulations. Then Michael Gove, secretary of state for the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs stepped in on Wednesday morning to say that the UK would not permit imports of chlorinated chicken under any new trade rules.
Why would you chlorinate a chicken anyway?
To clean it of bacteria and other contaminants. Proponents say it is healthy as it produces meat without faecal matter and without potentially dangerous germs, such as campylobacter and salmonella. But animal welfare campaigners say chlorination just disguises the real problem, which is rearing and slaughtering animals in dirty and unsanitary conditions. They point out that chlorination does not stop the contamination of meat, so unwanted germs continue to flourish and can become stronger, mutating into more virulent forms and ultimately posing a greater danger to human health.
What else might we import under new trade rules?
The EU imposes strict standards on issues such as animal welfare, and as a member state the UK is bound by 44 separate pieces of legislation governing everything from the live transport of farm animals to habitat protection for wildlife in the countryside. For instance, the former battery cages for hens have been phased out and replaced with minimum space requirements that allow animals some access to natural behaviours, such as scratching and nesting. Other countries still operate the old-style battery cages, and that meat could be imported. Pigs and cattle in the EU are also given more space to move around. In the US, in particular, the rise of megafarms has led to millions of animals being reared in conditions where they lack sunlight and access to the outdoors.
If we have assurances on chlorinated chicken and Michael Gove upholding standards, doesn’t that mean the problem is over?
Not quite. There are other less clear-cut issues with imports. Lacing animals’ food with hormones that promote faster growth is allowed in the US, as is the routine use of antibiotics in farming, which also promotes growth. Antibiotic use is now so rife in megafarms that even those used as medicines of last resort in humans are regularly given to farmed animals. The World Health Organisation is concerned that overuse of antibiotics in farming is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance worldwide.
Will consumers be able to choose whether their meat comes from happy animals?
You would hope so, but food labelling is notoriously tricky. For instance, labels currently allow some food to be described as British when it was grown elsewhere but processed here. In the US, there is also no obligation to report on various chemicals used in food.
What about vegetables – surely they’re OK?
Not necessarily. GM crops are restricted in the EU but grown in the US. Pesticides that are banned in Europe because of concerns over their safety are also in wide use in other countries.
What about farmers – they might like to chlorinate their chicken, and hormonise their cattle?
No, actually farmers are very worried. If the UK’s standards are lowered, it could mean the EU refuses to allow entry to UK farmed goods. As the EU is the biggest market for UK food and agricultural products, that could be disastrous.
Don’t UK farmers want US-style megafarms?
There is an increasing movement to large intensive farms in the UK, the biggest of which would be classed under US regulations as “concentrated animal feeding operations” (Cafos), popularly known as megafarms. A joint investigation by the Guardian and the Bureau of Investigative journalism recently found 789 of these, spread across every region of the UK. Farming leaders have also argued that such megafarms are the future of UK farming, as they enable lower costs and economies of scale, and thus cheaper food in the end. They say bigger does not mean worse, as in a large facility animals can be better looked after.
However, the row over megafarm expansion shows how Brexit is opening whole new areas of contention in businesses and communities all over the UK. Currently, UK megafarms are different from US facilities on the same scale, because they are governed by EU welfare standards.
This is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Accordingly, it is difficult to figure out when to end it. But then, this is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Period.